The system can be effectively described and analyzed. The classification system outlined in the simple deterministic to probabilistic complex.
Especially in a business organization, management activities are simply planning (planning), control (controlling), and decision making (decision making).
Planning is not only set goals, but also a description of activities, methods, and combination of them in order to achieve that goal. Management need information to assist in the selection of the best plan to achieve those goals.
Overall control activities are not effective without information. To affect the control, management must have a subsystem that serves to measure the output of the system and compare it with the planned objectives. Then, the management function is mainly to take appropriate action to improve the results of plan deviations.
Decision-making is fundamentally a problem-solving activity. There are four elements of the decision process, namely: model, criteria, constraints, and optimization. Some decisions are routine activities, others are solving problems that arise. The decision making process can be taken at three levels: strategic, which is a long-term policy and planning; tactical, which is the implementation of the plan, and technical, which is the day-to-day activities.
